Uterine fibroids

Fibroids may cause heavy bleeding, pain and pressure; embolization may be an option in selected patients.

A uterine fibroid is a benign growth arising from the muscle layer of the uterus. Some fibroids remain asymptomatic, while others may cause heavy bleeding, pain, infertility and pressure symptoms.

When to seek emergency care

If any of the following signs occur, call *3003 immediately — do not wait for a routine appointment:

  • Very heavy ongoing bleeding
  • Fainting or severe weakness
  • Acute abdominal pain
  • Bleeding during pregnancy

What is it?

Treatment is selected according to the fibroid’s size and location, symptoms, age and future pregnancy plans. Uterine artery embolization is a minimally invasive approach for selected patients.

Symptoms

  • Long or heavy periods
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Frequent urination
  • Constipation or pressure
  • Anemia and fatigue
  • Infertility

Causes & risk factors

  • Age and hormonal factors
  • Family history
  • Early onset of menstruation
  • Excess weight
  • Fibroid size and location

Diagnosis

Diagnosis should not rely on one test alone. Symptoms, risk factors, physical examination and investigation results are interpreted together.

  • Gynecologic examination
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI in selected cases
  • Blood tests for anemia
  • Discussion of pregnancy plans

Treatment approaches

Treatment is individualized according to disease severity, the patient’s overall condition, comorbidities and procedural risk.

  • Observation
  • Medication
  • Uterine artery embolization
  • Myomectomy
  • Hysterectomy in selected cases

How we help

Patients are assessed from both gynecologic and interventional radiology perspectives. Suitability for embolization depends on fibroid type, bleeding severity and reproductive plans.

When a procedure may be needed

Embolization may be needed when heavy bleeding and pressure symptoms persist despite medication and the patient is seeking an alternative to surgery.

Patient checklist

  • Track bleeding days and amount
  • Bring ultrasound/MRI results
  • Discuss future pregnancy plans
  • Check anemia results

FAQ

Are fibroids cancerous?

Most fibroids are benign, but rapid growth and unusual symptoms should be evaluated separately.

Does a fibroid disappear after embolization?

The fibroid usually shrinks and symptoms improve, but outcomes vary from person to person.

Last updated:

Related department

Invasive Radiology

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