Varicose veins

Enlarged leg veins may be associated with pain, heaviness, swelling and skin changes.

Varicose veins are associated with dilation of the superficial veins and valve insufficiency. Although they sometimes cause cosmetic concern, they may also result in pain, swelling and a risk of ulceration.

When to seek emergency care

If any of the following signs occur, call *3003 immediately — do not wait for a routine appointment:

  • Bleeding from a varicose vein
  • Sudden swelling and pain in one leg
  • Skin ulcer and infection
  • Shortness of breath and chest pain

What is it?

Treatment requires identifying not only the visible vein but also the main source of reflux. Venous Doppler therefore forms the basis of the treatment plan.

Symptoms

  • Bulging veins
  • Leg heaviness
  • Night cramps
  • Ankle swelling
  • Itching
  • Skin discoloration

Causes & risk factors

  • Family history
  • Pregnancy
  • Long periods of standing
  • Excess weight
  • Age
  • Hormonal factors

Diagnosis

Diagnosis should not rely on one test alone. Symptoms, risk factors, physical examination and investigation results are interpreted together.

  • Venous Doppler
  • Clinical examination
  • Checking deep veins
  • Assessment of skin changes

Treatment approaches

Treatment is individualized according to the severity of the disease, the patient’s overall condition, coexisting diseases and procedural risk.

  • Compression
  • Endovenous laser or radiofrequency
  • Sclerotherapy
  • Mini-phlebectomy
  • Lifestyle measures

How we help

The source of varicose veins is defined by Doppler mapping. Cosmetic and medical goals are explained separately and treatment is planned in stages.

When a procedure may be needed

Endovenous procedures may be needed for pain, swelling, reflux, skin changes, ulcer risk or bleeding.

Patient checklist

  • Do not make a treatment decision without Doppler imaging
  • Reduce long periods of standing
  • For bleeding from a varicose vein, elevate the leg, apply pressure and seek urgent medical care
  • Choose the correct size of compression garment

FAQ

Can varicose veins recur?

Yes, new venous reflux may develop. Proper mapping and follow-up reduce the risk.

Is laser treatment suitable for every varicose vein?

No. The vein’s diameter and course, and the source of reflux, must be suitable.

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Vascular Surgery

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