Lymphedema

Impaired lymph drainage may cause long-term swelling of an arm or leg, heaviness and skin changes.

Lymphedema is chronic swelling caused by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues. It may be congenital or develop after surgery, radiation therapy, infection or trauma.

When to seek emergency care

If any of the following signs occur, call *3003 immediately — do not wait for a routine appointment:

  • Redness, heat and pain in the swollen area
  • High fever
  • Rapidly spreading skin infection
  • Sudden one-sided swelling requiring DVT exclusion

What is it?

The aim of treatment is to reduce swelling, prevent infections and preserve the function of the affected arm or leg.

Symptoms

  • Arm or leg swelling
  • Heaviness
  • Thickened skin
  • Reduced movement
  • Repeated skin infections
  • Clothes or shoes becoming tight

Causes & risk factors

  • Lymph node surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Repeated infections
  • Congenital lymphatic disorder
  • Excess weight
  • Trauma

Diagnosis

Diagnosis should not rely on one test alone. Symptoms, risk factors, physical examination and investigation results are interpreted together.

  • Clinical examination
  • Venous Doppler to exclude thrombosis
  • Lymphatic imaging in selected cases
  • Skin and infection assessment
  • Oncology history

Treatment approaches

Treatment is individualized according to disease severity, the patient’s overall condition, comorbidities and procedural risk.

  • Complex decongestive therapy
  • Compression
  • Skin care
  • Physiotherapy and lymph drainage
  • Weight control
  • Treatment of infection

How we help

Lymphedema is distinguished from venous swelling and thrombosis. A plan for compression, skin care and long-term follow-up is prepared.

When a procedure may be needed

Invasive procedures are not the main treatment, but additional vascular intervention may be considered if thrombosis, venous disease or another vascular cause is suspected.

Patient checklist

  • Care for your skin daily
  • Protect yourself from cuts and infection
  • Use correctly sized compression garments
  • Have sudden swelling evaluated for DVT

FAQ

Does lymphedema resolve completely?

It is usually a chronic condition that can be managed. The aim is to reduce swelling and prevent complications.

Can massage be performed?

Specialized lymphatic drainage should be planned by a professional and must not be performed when infection is present.

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Related department

Vascular Surgery

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