Aortic aneurysm

Enlargement of the aorta may carry a risk of rupture or dissection; its size and growth rate should be monitored.

An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of a specific segment of the aorta. It may occur in the abdominal or thoracic aorta and is often discovered incidentally during an examination.

When to seek emergency care

If any of the following signs occur, call *3003 immediately — do not wait for a routine appointment:

  • Sudden severe abdominal, back, or chest pain
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Low blood pressure
  • Cold sweats and weakness

What is it?

Risk is mainly related to diameter, growth rate, location, and the patient’s overall condition. Large and rapidly growing aneurysms may require intervention.

Symptoms

  • Often asymptomatic
  • Abdominal and back pain
  • Chest pain
  • A pulsating sensation
  • Hoarseness and cough may occur with a thoracic aortic aneurysm

Causes & risk factors

  • Age
  • Smoking
  • High blood pressure
  • Family history of aneurysm
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Certain genetic syndromes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is not based on a single test alone. Symptoms, risk factors, physical examination, and instrumental findings are assessed together.

  • Ultrasound
  • CT angiography
  • MR angiography
  • Assessment of blood pressure and risk factors
  • Screening in people with familial risk

Treatment approaches

Treatment is individualized according to disease severity, the patient’s overall condition, comorbidities, and procedural risk.

  • Observation and periodic imaging
  • Blood pressure control
  • Smoking cessation
  • Endovascular stent grafting in selected cases
  • Open surgery in selected cases

How we help

At the center, an aortic aneurysm is assessed by size, location, and risk. Endovascular and surgical options are discussed by the vascular team.

When a procedure may be needed

Intervention may be required when the aneurysm exceeds a certain size, grows rapidly, causes symptoms, or carries an increased risk of rupture.

Patient checklist

  • Keep dated CT/ultrasound measurements
  • Maintain strict blood pressure control
  • Stop smoking
  • Treat sudden pain as an emergency

FAQ

Does an aortic aneurysm always require surgery?

No. Small, stable aneurysms may be monitored.

What does a ruptured aneurysm feel like?

It may cause very severe, sudden pain in the chest, back, or abdomen, together with weakness and low blood pressure.

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